Pollution from energy production includes which emissions that affect health and ecosystems?

• A. Burning fossil fuels does not produce acid rain.
• B. SOx and NOx have no effect on ecosystems.
• C. Particulate matter is not harmful to health.
• D. The emissions from burning fossil fuels include PM, SOx, and NOx, and PM harms health while SOx/NOx contribute to acid rain and ecosystem damage.

Answer: (D)

Burning fossil fuels releases a mix of pollutants that affect both human health and ecosystems. Particulate matter (PM) can be inhaled deep into the lungs and even the bloodstream, leading to respiratory and cardiovascular problems. Sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) react in the atmosphere to create acid rain, which lowers pH in soils and water, harming aquatic life, vegetation, and even infrastructure. Because energy production emits PM, SOx, and NOx, with PM harming health and SOx/NOx causing acid rain and ecosystem damage, this option accurately reflects the range of impacts. The other statements miss or downplay these effects—acid rain is a real consequence of SOx/NOx, and particulate matter is indeed harmful to health.